Minnesota demographics:
population, income, and more

Total population
5,713,716
0.3% year-over-year change
Median household income
$87,556/yr
3.9% year-over-year change
Housing units
2,519,538
1.0% year-over-year change

Minnesota population

How many people live in Minnesota

Minnesota is home to 5,713,716 residents, according to the most recent Census data. Gender-wise, 50.1% of Minnesota locals are male, and 49.9% are female.

Total population
5,713,716
0.3% year-over-year change
Gender ratio
Male
50.1%
2,862,134
Female
49.9%
2,851,582
Value Percent YoY change
Male 2,862,134 50.1% 0.1%
Female 2,851,582 49.9% 0.5%
A higher population often means more rental variety and livelier areas. The gender balance—how many men live here compared to women—can reveal a lot about the community and the lifestyles of its residents. Use this info to get a sense of the area's pace and personality.

Age demographics

The median age in Minnesota is 38, with the population distributed as follows: about 19% are children under 15, then 12.8% are in the 15 to 24 age group. Adults between 25 and 44 make up 26.5% of the population, while another 24.9% fall into the 45 to 64 bracket. Finally, around 16.8% are 65 or older.

Median age
38
Age breakdown
Under 15
19%
15 to 24
12.8%
25 to 44
26.5%
45 to 64
24.9%
Over 65
16.8%
Value Percent YoY change
Under 15 1,086,274 19% 0.5%
15 to 24 729,852 12.8% -1.3%
25 to 44 1,515,019 26.5% 0.8%
45 to 64 1,420,428 24.9% -0.8%
Over 65 962,143 16.8% 2.4%
The age composition helps you get insight into who lives in the area. A younger population might mean a more active, fast-paced vibe, while an older one could suggest a quieter, slower lifestyle. If there's a balanced makeup, you’re likely to find a variety of services, housing types, and community spaces that cater to different life stages.

Racial makeup

In Minnesota, 90.6% of the population are US-born citizens, while 5.8% have gained naturalized citizenship. At the same time, 3.6% of residents are non-citizens. As for race, 78.4% of locals are Caucasian, 6.8% are African American and 5.1% have Asian roots. There’s also a share of 6.2% that includes residents with two or more races.

Citizenship
U.S.-born citizens
90.6%
Non-U.S.-born citizens
5.8%
Non-citizens
3.6%
Value Percent YoY change
U.S.-born citizens 5,177,258 90.6% 0.2%
Non-U.S.-born citizens 332,018 5.8% 3.2%
Non-citizens 204,440 3.6% -1.6%
Racial breakdown
White
78.4%
Black or African American
6.8%
American Indian and Alaska Native
0.9%
Asian
5.1%
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
0%
Two or more races
6.2%
Other
2.6%
Value Percent
White 4,476,710 78.4%
Black or African American 388,789 6.8%
American Indian and Alaska Native 50,833 0.9%
Asian 289,148 5.1%
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 2,376 0%
Two or more races 354,300 6.2%
Other 151,560 2.6%

Households in Minnesota

A peek inside Minnesota households

Minnesota has 2,282,967 households, with an average of 2 members in each. Of these, 62.7% are families, while the remaining 37.3% are made up of individuals living alone or with non-relatives, such as roommates.

Households stats

Total households
2,282,967
1.2% year-over-year change
Average people per household
2
Non-family households
851,440
Family households
1,431,527
Value Percent YoY change
Non-family households 851,440 37.3% 2.3%
Family households 1,431,527 62.7% 0.5%
The mix between family and non-family households gives a glimpse into daily life. A higher percentage of families might mean more parks and schools, while more non-family setups can mean flexible housing and diverse living styles. For renters, this can signal what kinds of homes are common and can help you figure out if the area matches your lifestyle.

Housing in Minnesota

The housing landscape of Minnesota

Minnesota's housing consists of 2,519,538 units, with 66.3% being detached single-family homes ideal for those wanting space. Attached options, including duplexes and townhouses, make up 7.5% and offer a more compact, shared living style. Then there are the multifamily buildings in the area, and for those seeking flexibility, non-traditional options like mobile homes account for 3% of the housing landscape.

Housing units
2,519,538
1.0% year-over-year change
Housing types
Value Percent
1 unit, detached 1,670,157 66.3%
1 unit, attached 188,413 7.5%
2 units 52,920 2.1%
3 or 4 units 52,615 2.1%
5 to 9 units 56,007 2.2%
10 to 19 units 82,122 3.3%
20 to 49 units 127,677 5.1%
50 or more units 213,805 8.5%
Mobile home 74,626 3%
Boat, RV, van, etc. 1,196 0%
Homes built since 2020
27,135
124.8% year-over-year change

The age of buildings in Minnesota

In Minnesota, the median construction year is 1978. About 15.6% of homes were built before the 1940s, with another 4.2% going up by 1949. Most development happened in the second half of the 20th century. Then, 13.3% of homes were added from 2000 to 2009, 8% between 2010 and 2019, and 1.1% are part of the newest wave of development.

Construction year breakdown by decade
Value Percent YoY change
Built in 1939 or earlier 393,837 15.6% -0.2%
Built between 1940 and 1949 105,588 4.2% -1.4%
Built between 1950 and 1959 234,192 9.3% -0.8%
Built between 1960 and 1969 230,600 9.2% -0.5%
Built between 1970 and 1979 361,505 14.4% 0.2%
Built between 1980 and 1989 309,597 12.3% -0.5%
Built between 1990 and 1999 320,320 12.7% -1.4%
Built between 2000 and 2009 335,091 13.3% 0.8%
Built between 2010 and 2019 201,673 8% 10.1%
Built in 2020 or later 27,135 1.1% 124.8%
As a renter, knowing when homes were built helps you understand the potential condition and design of rental units. Newer builds may have more contemporary layouts, while older homes can offer character or larger lots, depending on the area.

Minnesota occupancy rates

Out of the 2,282,967 occupied housing units in Minnesota, 72.4% are owner-occupied, while 27.6% are lived in by tenants. Meanwhile, 9.4% of all homes on the local market sit vacant.

Occupied housing units
2,282,967
1.2% year-over-year change
Occupancy breakdown
Renter occupied
630,433
Owner occupied
1,652,534
Value Percent YoY
change
Renter occupied 630,433 27.6% 1.0%
Owner occupied 1,652,534 72.4% 1.3%
Unoccupied housing units
9.4%
Unoccupied housing units refer to homes that are currently without residents—whether they're waiting for renters or owners, used seasonally, or simply unclaimed. A higher share of empty homes may mean more housing availability, while a low number can reflect a tighter market with more competition. This, along with the renter-vs.-owner mix, helps paint a clearer picture of what types of housing and services are likely to be available in the area.

Minnesota housing costs

Housing costs in Minnesota come to a median of $1,356 per month, while tenants specifically pay a median gross rent of $1,235.

Median housing costs per month
$1,356/month
This figure sums up typical monthly housing costs for all households in the area. If you own, it includes mortgage payments in addition to property taxes, insurance and HOA fees. If you rent, it accounts for rent plus extras like utilities. It’s useful for seeing how local living expenses stack up compared to other places.
Median gross rent in Minnesota
$1,235/month
Gross rent gives a more complete look at what renters actually pay, including not just base rent, but also utilities and fees. It’s a key number for evaluating rental affordability in your area of interest and understanding how it compares to nearby locations.

Education in Minnesota

Minnesota education at a glance

About 28.7% of the population in Minnesota went to high school, while 21.4% pursued college studies. Another 11.2% earned an associate degree and 24% hold a bachelor’s. Meanwhile, 12.1% went even further, earning a master’s or doctorate.

Education level
Value Percent YoY change
No high school 110,178 2.5% 0.9%
High school diploma 1,262,203 28.7% -0.9%
College diploma 943,018 21.4% -23.5%
Associate degree 491,829 11.2% 1.1%
Bachelor's degree 1,056,775 24% 1.8%
Graduate degree 532,454 12.1% 2.8%
A community’s education mix can offer insights into the local economy and housing market. Higher levels of education often align with more job opportunities and stable incomes, which can increase demand for homes and influence both rent prices and rental availability.

Income in Minnesota

How much people earn in Minnesota

The average annual household income in Minnesota was $115,861 in 2023, the most recent annual data available, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. This marked a +4.1% change from the previous year. At the same time, the median income stood at $87,556, reflecting a +3.8% shift over the same period.

Average household income in Minnesota
$115,861/year
4.1% year-over-year change
Median household income in Minnesota
$87,556/year
3.9% year-over-year change

Minnesota income by age

In Minnesota, households led by residents aged 25 to 44 — usually in the early to mid stages of their careers — have a median income of $100,802. Those with someone between 45 and 64 in charge, often well established professionally, earn $108,458 overall. Younger households, where the main provider is under 25 and just starting out, report a median income of $51,213, while those led by someone over 65, many of whom may be retired, have about $59,382 in earnings. Overall, 90.8% of the locals in this community live above the poverty line.

Income breakdown by age
Value YoY change
Under 25 $51,213 8.3%
25 - 44 $100,802 4.1%
45 - 64 $108,458 4.4%
Over 65 $59,382 3.9%
Above poverty level
5,022,414
Below poverty level
507,060
Value Percent YoY
change
Above poverty level 5,022,414 90.8% 0.4%
Below poverty level 507,060 9.2% -0.4%

Employment in Minnesota

Workforce and job types in Minnesota

The job market in Minnesota is powered by 2,989,357 working residents, spread across a range of industries and roles. 78.5% of the working population are employed in professional or administrative positions, while 21.5% are in hands-on or service-based jobs. Also, 9.4% run their own businesses, 65.7% are employed by private companies, and 12.9% work in the public sector.

Workforce demographics

Working population
2,989,357
0.0% year-over-year change
White collar
2,347,642
Blue collar
641,715
Value Percent YoY change
White collar 2,347,642 78.5% 0.1%
Blue collar 641,715 21.5% -0.4%
Employer type
Self employees
9.4%
Private companies
65.7%
Governmental workers
12.9%
Not for profit companies
12%
Value Percent YoY change
Self employees 281,135 9.4% 0.6%
Private companies 1,963,661 65.7% -1.0%
Governmental workers 384,516 12.9% 3.0%
Not for profit companies 360,045 12% 2.1%
Unemployment rate
3.9%
-0.9% year-over-year change

Available workforce

The unemployment rate in Minnesota stands at 3.9%, representing the share of the workforce currently without a job and actively looking for one.

For renters, the unemployment rate helps paint a picture of job security and financial stability in the area. Rates around 4% to 5% are considered typical. A lower-than-average rate might suggest strong job prospects and a thriving local economy, while a higher rate could hint at fewer opportunities—both useful to consider when planning a move.

Transportation in Minnesota

How people get around in Minnesota

In Minnesota, the average commute time is 23 minutes. Commuting methods vary: 77.9% of residents travel by personal vehicle and 2.5% prefer to walk, while the remaining share relies on public transit or on two wheelers to get from A to B.

Commute time
23 min
Means of transportation
Value Percent YoY change
Car 2,287,404 77.9% -2.2%
Taxicab 5,138 0.2% 6.8%
Bus or trolleybus 53,055 1.8% -16.1%
Subway or elevated 901 0% N/A
Railroad 898 0% -40.2%
Ferryboat 376 0% -7.2%
Motorcycle 2,555 0.1% -2.7%
Bicycle 14,368 0.5% -6.3%
Walk 74,181 2.5% -2.7%
Understanding how locals get to work can help you plan your own routine. High car usage might mean you’ll need a vehicle, while strong public transit or walkability could save you the hassle. Commute times also play a big role in quality of life—shorter trips can give you more time for the things you enjoy.

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FAQs about Minnesota demographics 

What is the total population of Minnesota?

Minnesota has a total population of 5,713,716 residents, according to the latest release from the U.S. Census Bureau: the 2019-2023 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates. This figure changed by +0.3% compared to a year ago.

What is the gender ratio in Minnesota?

The gender ratio in Minnesota is as follows:
  • 50.1% males (2,862,134 residents)
  • 49.9% females (2,851,582 residents)

What is the median age in Minnesota?

The median age in Minnesota is 38.

What is the age distribution of the population in Minnesota?

The age distribution in Minnesota is as follows:
  • Under 15: 19% (1,086,274 residents)
  • Ages 15-24: 12.8% (729,852 residents)
  • Ages 25-44: 26.5% (1,515,019 residents)
  • Ages 45-64: 24.9% (1,420,428 residents)
  • Over 65: 16.8% (962,143 residents)

What is the racial and ethnic makeup of Minnesota?

The racial and ethnic makeup of Minnesota is as follows:
  • White: 78.4% (4,476,710 residents)
  • Black or African American: 6.8% (388,789 residents)
  • American Indian and Alaska Native: 0.9% (50,833 residents)
  • Asian: 5.1% (289,148 residents)
  • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0% (2,376 residents)
  • Two or More Races: 6.2% (354,300 residents)
  • Other: 2.6% (151,560 residents)

What percentage of the population in Minnesota are U.S.-born citizens?

U.S.-born citizens represent 90.6% of the population in Minnesota.

How many housing units are there in Minnesota?

There are 2,519,538 housing units in Minnesota, reflecting a +1.0% change compared to the previous year, according to the latest data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

How many households are in Minnesota and what is the average household size?

Minnesota has a total of 2,282,967 households, with an average of 2 people in each.

What is the median household income in Minnesota?

Minnesota has a median household income of $87,556, representing a +3.9% shift from the previous year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

What is the employment rate and job market overview for Minnesota?

The employment rate is 96.1% in Minnesota, with a workforce of 2,989,357 residents. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the local job market:

Job types:
  • White-collar workers: 78.5% (2,347,642 residents)
  • Blue-collar workers: 21.5% (641,715 residents)

Places of employment:
  • Self-employed: 9.4% (281,135 residents)
  • Private companies: 65.7% (1,963,661 residents)
  • Governmental workers: 12.9% (384,516 residents)
  • Not-for-profit companies: 12% (360,045 residents)

Data source & methodology

The demographic data on this page was sourced from the latest U.S. Census Bureau release—the 2019–2023 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates.

The information, issued annually, is compiled and published by the Point2Homes Research Team as soon as new data becomes available.

No representation, guarantee, or warranty is made concerning the accuracy or completeness of modified or aggregated information for particular areas.

Page last updated: September 2025