Madison, SD demographics:
population, income, and more

Total population
6,094
-1.0% year-over-year change
Median household income
$65,593/yr
5.5% year-over-year change
Housing units
2,870
-0.3% year-over-year change

Madison population

How many people live in Madison

Madison is home to 6,094 residents, according to the most recent Census data. Gender-wise, 51.4% of Madison locals are male, and 48.6% are female.

Total population
6,094
-1.0% year-over-year change
Gender ratio
Male
51.4%
3,133
Female
48.6%
2,961
Value Percent YoY change
Male 3,133 51.4% -1.6%
Female 2,961 48.6% -0.4%
A higher population often means more rental variety and livelier areas. The gender balance—how many men live here compared to women—can reveal a lot about the community and the lifestyles of its residents. Use this info to get a sense of the area's pace and personality.

Age demographics

The median age in Madison is 40, with the population distributed as follows: about 16.3% are children under 15, then 17.9% are in the 15 to 24 age group. Adults between 25 and 44 make up 23.4% of the population, while another 19.6% fall into the 45 to 64 bracket. Finally, around 22.7% are 65 or older.

Median age
40.1
Age breakdown
Under 15
16.3%
15 to 24
17.9%
25 to 44
23.4%
45 to 64
19.6%
Over 65
22.7%
Value Percent YoY change
Under 15 996 16.3% -5.0%
15 to 24 1,092 17.9% -1.6%
25 to 44 1,428 23.4% 3.3%
45 to 64 1,194 19.6% -3.8%
Over 65 1,384 22.7% 0.6%
The age composition helps you get insight into who lives in the area. A younger population might mean a more active, fast-paced vibe, while an older one could suggest a quieter, slower lifestyle. If there's a balanced makeup, you’re likely to find a variety of services, housing types, and community spaces that cater to different life stages.

Racial makeup

In Madison, 97.5% of the population are US-born citizens, while 1.9% have gained naturalized citizenship. At the same time, 0.6% of residents are non-citizens. As for race, 94.5% of locals are Caucasian, 1.3% are African American and 0.8% have Asian roots. There’s also a share of 2.1% that includes residents with two or more races.

Citizenship
U.S.-born citizens
97.5%
Non-U.S.-born citizens
1.9%
Non-citizens
0.6%
Value Percent YoY change
U.S.-born citizens 5,943 97.5% -2.6%
Non-U.S.-born citizens 116 1.9% 169.8%
Non-citizens 35 0.6% 191.7%
Racial breakdown
White
94.5%
Black or African American
1.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native
1%
Asian
0.8%
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
0.3%
Two or more races
2.1%
Other
0%
Value Percent
White 5,759 94.5%
Black or African American 80 1.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native 58 1%
Asian 49 0.8%
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 19 0.3%
Two or more races 129 2.1%

Households in Madison

A peek inside Madison households

Madison has 2,573 households, with an average of 2 members in each. Of these, 54.2% are families, while the remaining 45.8% are made up of individuals living alone or with non-relatives, such as roommates.

Households stats

Total households
2,573
1.9% year-over-year change
Average people per household
2
Non-family households
1,178
Family households
1,395
Value Percent YoY change
Non-family households 1,178 45.8% 1.4%
Family households 1,395 54.2% 2.4%
The mix between family and non-family households gives a glimpse into daily life. A higher percentage of families might mean more parks and schools, while more non-family setups can mean flexible housing and diverse living styles. For renters, this can signal what kinds of homes are common and can help you figure out if the area matches your lifestyle.

Housing in Madison

The housing landscape of Madison

Madison's housing consists of 2,870 units, with 63.8% being detached single-family homes ideal for those wanting space. Attached options, including duplexes and townhouses, make up 2.5% and offer a more compact, shared living style. Then there are the multifamily buildings in the area, and for those seeking flexibility, non-traditional options like mobile homes account for 6.7% of the housing landscape.

Housing units
2,870
-0.3% year-over-year change
Housing types
Value Percent
1 unit, detached 1,832 63.8%
1 unit, attached 72 2.5%
2 units 132 4.6%
3 or 4 units 171 6%
5 to 9 units 126 4.4%
10 to 19 units 117 4.1%
20 to 49 units 173 6%
50 or more units 55 1.9%
Mobile home 192 6.7%
Homes built since 2020
34
9.7% year-over-year change

The age of buildings in Madison

In Madison, the median construction year is 1970. About 24% of homes were built before the 1940s, with another 7% going up by 1949. Most development happened in the second half of the 20th century. Then, 8.3% of homes were added from 2000 to 2009, 6% between 2010 and 2019, and 1.2% are part of the newest wave of development.

Construction year breakdown by decade
Value Percent YoY change
Built in 1939 or earlier 688 24% 6.3%
Built between 1940 and 1949 201 7% 10.4%
Built between 1950 and 1959 215 7.5% 9.7%
Built between 1960 and 1969 321 11.2% -26.5%
Built between 1970 and 1979 410 14.3% 7.9%
Built between 1980 and 1989 220 7.7% -19.1%
Built between 1990 and 1999 369 12.9% 1.6%
Built between 2000 and 2009 239 8.3% 14.3%
Built between 2010 and 2019 173 6% 7.5%
Built in 2020 or later 34 1.2% 9.7%
As a renter, knowing when homes were built helps you understand the potential condition and design of rental units. Newer builds may have more contemporary layouts, while older homes can offer character or larger lots, depending on the area.

Madison occupancy rates

Out of the 2,573 occupied housing units in Madison, 60.2% are owner-occupied, while 39.8% are lived in by tenants. Meanwhile, 10.3% of all homes on the local market sit vacant.

Occupied housing units
2,573
1.9% year-over-year change
Occupancy breakdown
Renter occupied
1,024
Owner occupied
1,549
Value Percent YoY
change
Renter occupied 1,024 39.8% -8.0%
Owner occupied 1,549 60.2% 9.7%
Unoccupied housing units
10.3%
Unoccupied housing units refer to homes that are currently without residents—whether they're waiting for renters or owners, used seasonally, or simply unclaimed. A higher share of empty homes may mean more housing availability, while a low number can reflect a tighter market with more competition. This, along with the renter-vs.-owner mix, helps paint a clearer picture of what types of housing and services are likely to be available in the area.

Madison housing costs

Housing costs in Madison come to a median of $945 per month, while tenants specifically pay a median gross rent of $981.

Median housing costs per month
$945/month
This figure sums up typical monthly housing costs for all households in the area. If you own, it includes mortgage payments in addition to property taxes, insurance and HOA fees. If you rent, it accounts for rent plus extras like utilities. It’s useful for seeing how local living expenses stack up compared to other places.
Median gross rent in Madison
$981/month
Gross rent gives a more complete look at what renters actually pay, including not just base rent, but also utilities and fees. It’s a key number for evaluating rental affordability in your area of interest and understanding how it compares to nearby locations.

Education in Madison

Madison education at a glance

About 30.6% of the population in Madison went to high school, while 24.9% pursued college studies. Another 13.3% earned an associate degree and 21.6% hold a bachelor’s. Meanwhile, 8.3% went even further, earning a master’s or doctorate.

Education level
Value Percent YoY change
No high school 69 1.4% -27.4%
High school diploma 1,506 30.6% 6.2%
College diploma 1,229 24.9% -11.8%
Associate degree 655 13.3% 31.8%
Bachelor's degree 1,063 21.6% -6.3%
Graduate degree 408 8.3% 4.9%
A community’s education mix can offer insights into the local economy and housing market. Higher levels of education often align with more job opportunities and stable incomes, which can increase demand for homes and influence both rent prices and rental availability.

Income in Madison

How much people earn in Madison

The average annual household income in Madison was $80,632 in 2024, the most recent annual data available, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. This marked a +1.3% change from the previous year. At the same time, the median income stood at $65,593, reflecting a +5.5% shift over the same period.

Average household income in Madison
$80,632/year
1.3% year-over-year change
Median household income in Madison
$65,593/year
5.5% year-over-year change

Madison income by age

In Madison, households led by residents aged 25 to 44 — usually in the early to mid stages of their careers — have a median income of $71,229. Those with someone between 45 and 64 in charge, often well established professionally, earn $93,289 overall. Younger households, where the main provider is under 25 and just starting out, report a median income of $31,346, while those led by someone over 65, many of whom may be retired, have about $50,938 in earnings. Overall, 90.5% of the locals in this community live above the poverty line.

Income breakdown by age
Value YoY change
Under 25 $31,346 44.7%
25 - 44 $71,229 5.4%
45 - 64 $93,289 -1.8%
Over 65 $50,938 -0.5%
Above poverty level
5,033
Below poverty level
531
Value Percent YoY
change
Above poverty level 5,033 90.5% 1.0%
Below poverty level 531 9.5% -16.5%

Average renter income in Madison

To get a better sense of what renters earn on average in Madison, their median household income was $31,250 according to 2022 Census data. In addition, the rent-to-income ratio in the area, at 37.7%, shows what portion of their earnings goes toward housing expenses.

Renter median household income
$31,250
Rent-to-income ratio
37.7%
Understanding the rent-to-income ratio can help renters gauge if local housing costs align with their earnings. A ratio under 30% usually signals affordability, while exceeding this mark means rent is taking a larger-than-recommended bite out of income. That could make it harder for you to cover other costs like transportation, healthcare, or child care.

Employment in Madison

Workforce and job types in Madison

The job market in Madison is powered by 3,065 working residents, spread across a range of industries and roles. 79.8% of the working population are employed in professional or administrative positions, while 20.2% are in hands-on or service-based jobs. Also, 7.2% run their own businesses, 48.8% are employed by private companies, and 33.2% work in the public sector.

Workforce demographics

Working population
3,065
-5.3% year-over-year change
White collar
2,445
Blue collar
620
Value Percent YoY change
White collar 2,445 79.8% -8.0%
Blue collar 620 20.2% 7.3%
Employer type
Self employees
7.2%
Private companies
48.8%
Governmental workers
33.2%
Not for profit companies
10.8%
Value Percent YoY change
Self employees 222 7.2% -13.6%
Private companies 1,495 48.8% -2.6%
Governmental workers 1,017 33.2% -0.4%
Not for profit companies 331 10.8% -21.8%
Unemployment rate
4.4%
35.2% year-over-year change

Available workforce

The unemployment rate in Madison stands at 4.4%, representing the share of the workforce currently without a job and actively looking for one.

For renters, the unemployment rate helps paint a picture of job security and financial stability in the area. Rates around 4% to 5% are considered typical. A lower-than-average rate might suggest strong job prospects and a thriving local economy, while a higher rate could hint at fewer opportunities—both useful to consider when planning a move.

Transportation in Madison

How people get around in Madison

Commuting methods vary: 83.9% of residents travel by personal vehicle and 5% prefer to walk, while the remaining share relies on public transit or on two wheelers to get from A to B.

Means of transportation
Value Percent YoY change
Car 2,562 83.9% -5.7%
Bus or trolleybus 33 1.1% -17.5%
Subway or elevated 7 0.2% N/A
Ferryboat 10 0.3% -41.2%
Walk 151 5% -27.8%
Understanding how locals get to work can help you plan your own routine. High car usage might mean you’ll need a vehicle, while strong public transit or walkability could save you the hassle. Commute times also play a big role in quality of life—shorter trips can give you more time for the things you enjoy.

What is the median and average household income in Madison by zipcode?

Zipcode Population Number of households Median income Average income
57042 7,756 3,331 $71,868 $88,317

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FAQs about Madison demographics 

What is the total population of Madison?

Madison has a total population of 6,094 residents, according to the latest release from the U.S. Census Bureau: the 2019-2023 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates. This figure changed by -1.0% compared to a year ago.

What is the gender ratio in Madison?

The gender ratio in Madison is as follows:
  • 51.4% males (3,133 residents)
  • 48.6% females (2,961 residents)

What is the median age in Madison?

The median age in Madison is 40.1.

What is the age distribution of the population in Madison?

The age distribution in Madison is as follows:
  • Under 15: 16.3% (996 residents)
  • Ages 15-24: 17.9% (1,092 residents)
  • Ages 25-44: 23.4% (1,428 residents)
  • Ages 45-64: 19.6% (1,194 residents)
  • Over 65: 22.7% (1,384 residents)

What is the racial and ethnic makeup of Madison?

The racial and ethnic makeup of Madison is as follows:
  • White: 94.5% (5,759 residents)
  • Black or African American: 1.3% (80 residents)
  • American Indian and Alaska Native: 1% (58 residents)
  • Asian: 0.8% (49 residents)
  • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.3% (19 residents)
  • Two or More Races: 2.1% (129 residents)
  • Other: 0% (0 residents)

What percentage of the population in Madison are U.S.-born citizens?

U.S.-born citizens represent 97.5% of the population in Madison.

How many housing units are there in Madison?

There are 2,870 housing units in Madison, reflecting a -0.3% change compared to the previous year, according to the latest data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

How many households are in Madison and what is the average household size?

Madison has a total of 2,573 households, with an average of 2 people in each.

What is the median household income in Madison?

Madison has a median household income of $65,593, representing a +5.5% shift from the previous year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

What is the employment rate and job market overview for Madison?

The employment rate is 95.6% in Madison, with a workforce of 3,065 residents. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the local job market:

Job types:
  • White-collar workers: 79.8% (2,445 residents)
  • Blue-collar workers: 20.2% (620 residents)

Places of employment:
  • Self-employed: 7.2% (222 residents)
  • Private companies: 48.8% (1,495 residents)
  • Governmental workers: 33.2% (1,017 residents)
  • Not-for-profit companies: 10.8% (331 residents)

Data source & methodology

The demographic data on this page was sourced from the latest U.S. Census Bureau release—the 2019–2023 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates.

The information, issued annually, is compiled and published by the Point2Homes Research Team as soon as new data becomes available.

No representation, guarantee, or warranty is made concerning the accuracy or completeness of modified or aggregated information for particular areas.

Page last updated: September 2025